Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
The Effects of PPAR Agonists on Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in ApoE^−/−FXR^−/− Mice: Yenna Lee, Bo-Rahm Kim, Geun-Hyung Kang, Gwan Jae Lee, Young Joo Park, Haeryoung Kim, Hak Chul Jang, Sung Hee Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1243-1253. Published online December 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1100

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Background
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid–activated nuclear receptor, is a potent regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism as well as of bile acid metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that FXR deficiency is associated with metabolic derangements, including atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of FXR in atherosclerosis and NAFLD and the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists in mouse models with FXR deficiency.
Methods
En face lipid accumulation analysis, liver histology, serum levels of glucose and lipids, and mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism were compared between apolipoprotein E (ApoE)^−/− and ApoE^−/−FXR^−/− mice. The effects of PPARα and PPARγ agonists were also compared in both groups of mice.
Results
Compared with ApoE^−/− mice, ApoE^−/−FXR^−/− mice showed more severe atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and higher levels of serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, accompanied by increased mRNA expression of FAS, ApoC2, TNFα, IL-6 (liver), ATGL, TGH, HSL, and MGL (adipocytes), and decreased mRNA expressions of CPT2 (liver) and Tfam (skeletal muscle). Treatment with a PPARα agonist, but not with a PPARγ agonist, partly reversed atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis, and decreased plasma triglyceride levels in the ApoE^−/−FXR^−/− mice, in association with increased mRNA expression of CD36 and FATP and decreased expression of ApoC2 and ApoC3 (liver).
Conclusion
Loss of FXR is associated with aggravation of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in ApoE-deficient mice, which could be reversed by a PPARα agonist through induction of fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation, and triglyceride hydrolysis.

Citations

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Shu-Yan Gao, Jing-Cheng Zhao, Qing Xia, Chen Sun, Maimaiti Aili, Ainiwaer Talifu, Shi-Xia Huo, Yun Zhang, Zhi-Jian Li
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics
Yuxiao Jiang, Lili Wu, Xiaopeng Zhu, Hua Bian, Xin Gao, Mingfeng Xia
Lipids in Health and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II dysfunction: A possible novel mechanism for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hepatocarcinogenesis
Min Yao, Ping Zhou, Yan-Yan Qin, Li Wang, Deng-Fu Yao
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(12): 1765. CrossRef
Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Tess Yntema, Debby P. Y. Koonen, Folkert Kuipers
Nutrients.2023; 15(8): 1850. CrossRef
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Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma.: Ye An Kim, Yul Hwangbo, Min Joo Kim, Hyung Jin Choi, Je Hyun Seo, Yenna Lee, Soo Heun Kwak, Eu Jeong Ku, Tae Jung Oh, Eun Roh, Jae Hyun Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(2):132-137. Published online June 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.2.132

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BACKGROUND
In approach to an adrenal incidentaloma, early exclusion of pheochromocytoma is clinically important, due to the risk of catecholamine crisis. The aims of this study are to investigate the characteristics of incidentally detected pheochromocytomas, compared with that of the other adrenal incidentalomas, and to compare these characteristics with those of symptomatic pheochromocytomas. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 198 patients with adrenal incidentaloma from 2001 to 2010. We analyzed the clinical, laboratory and radiological data of pheochromocytomas, in comparison with those of the other adrenal incidentalomas. We also compared the characteristics of these incidentally detected pheochromocytomas with the medical records of 28 pathologically proven pheochromocytomas, diagnosed based on typical symptoms. RESULTS: Among the 198 patients with adrenal incidentaloma, nineteen patients were diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytomas showed larger size and higher Hounsfield unit at precontrast computed tomography (CT) than did non-pheochromocytomas. All pheochromocytomas were larger than 2.0 cm, and the Hounsfield units were 19 or higher in precontrast CT. When both criteria of size > 2.0 cm and Hounsfield unit > 19 were met, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma were 100% and 79.3%, respectively. Compared with patients with pheochromocytoma, diagnosed based on typical symptoms, patients with incidentally detected pheochromocytoma were older, presented less often with hypertension, and showed lower levels of 24-hour urine metanephrine. CONCLUSION: Adrenal incidentaloma with < 2.0 cm in size or < or = 19 Hounsfield units in precontrast CT imaging was less likely to be a pheochromocytoma. Patients with incidentally discovered pheochromocytoma showed lower catecholamine metabolites, compared with those patients with symptomatic pheochromocytoma.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma: the Korean Endocrine Society, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang-Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae-Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung-Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2017; 92(1): 4. CrossRef
Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(2): 200. CrossRef
Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Soon Jib Yoo, Woohyeon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(2): 116. CrossRef

Pituitary Apoplexy in Korea - Characteristics, Treatment Options and Outcomes.: Jung Ah Lim, Jin Taek Kim, Min Joo Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Yenna Lee, Hwa Young Cho, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee, Seong Yeon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(4):247-253. Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.4.247

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Reports on pituitary apoplexy in Korea are limited. There are two treatment options for pituitary apoplexy - surgical decompression and conservative management. In this study, we examined clinical presentation and outcomes following different therapies in Korean patients with pituitary apoplexy. METHODS: Clinical data and treatment outcomes from 52 patients with pituitary apoplexy who visited Seoul National University Hospital between January 1992 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to management options (a surgery group vs. a conservative management group) and their outcomes were compared. For patients who underwent surgery due to neurological symptoms, outcomes were compared between early and late surgery groups. RESULTS: Headache (73.1%) was the most common presenting symptom, and more than half of the patients were reported to have visual symptoms. The most common type of pathology was a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (67.3%). Nine patients received conservative management and 43 underwent surgical decompression. Their recovery from neurological and endocrinological abnormalities were similar. Among patients who showed neurological symptoms, 9 underwent surgery within 1 week of symptom onset and 24 underwent surgery after 1 week. There was no significant difference between outcomes of early and late surgery groups except recovery from impaired visual deficit was greater in the late surgery group. CONCLUSION: Patients with pituitary apoplexy in Korea show similar clinical features as similar patients in other countries. In our study, there was no significant difference between clinical outcomes of the surgery group and the conservative treatment group.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Outcomes of Pituitary Apoplexy with Conservative Treatment: Experiences at a Single Institution
Youngbeom Seo, Yong Hwy Kim, Yun-Sik Dho, Jung Hee Kim, Jin Wook Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Dong Gyu Kim
World Neurosurgery.2018; 115: e703. CrossRef
Characteristics and Treatment Options of Pituitary Apoplexy
Dong-Sun Kim
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(4): 237. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis in a Patient with Leukemia Who was Treated with Chemotherapy.: Hoon Sung Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Jae Seok Lee, Hyosang Kim, Jung Ah Lim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Minjoo Kim, Yenna Lee, Do Jun Park, Bo Youn Cho; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(1):38-41. Published online March 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.1.38

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Abstract PDF

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare disease of the thyroid gland that results from anatomical abnormalities, such as pyriform sinus fistula. However, in some case reports, patients with AST did not have anatomical abnormalities, including a report in which children with acute leukemia developed AST after chemotherapy. We report a case of AST in an adult with a hematologic disorder treated with chemotherapy. Although he was initially treated with parenteral antibiotics, surgical intervention was performed due to progressive worsening of AST. He recovered after surgical intervention and had no anatomical abnormality.

Citations

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Infection of Thyroid Cyst Occurring 1 Month after Fine-Needle Aspiration in an Immunocompetent Patient
Jung Kyu Park, Eon Ju Jeon
International Journal of Thyroidology.2018; 11(2): 182. CrossRef
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(1): 50. CrossRef

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